Courses/CELPIP Writing Course/Canadian Writing Conventions

#15. Canadian Writing Conventions

Keep your writing clear and Canadian. Use these patterns and copy the samples.

1) Canadian spelling — quick rules and pairs

General pattern

  • Keep -our: colour, behaviour, neighbour
  • Keep -re: centre, theatre
  • Use -ize / -ization: organize, recognize, specialize, organization
  • Double l when adding endings: travelling, cancelled, modelling
  • Licence (noun) vs. license (verb): driver’s licence; to license a business
  • Practice (noun) vs. practise (verb): medical practice; to practise law
  • Canadian choices: cheque, tire (car), aluminum, program

Copy-ready pairs

  • colour / flavour / neighbour / humour
  • centre / theatre / metre / litre
  • organize / recognize / specialize / realize
  • travelling / cancelling / modelling / labelled
  • licence (n.) / license (v.)
  • practice (n.) / practise (v.)
  • cheque (bank) / check (verify)
  • tire (car) / tired (adjective)
  • aluminum (metal) / aluminium (outside North America)
  • program (software or government program) / programme (rare, mainly non-Canadian contexts)

Consistency rule: Pick the Canadian forms and keep them the same across your document.


2) Dates — clear and unambiguous

Plain-English dates (best for letters and emails)

  • September 2, 2025
  • January 15, 2026
  • Write the month in full. Add a comma before the year.

Numeric dates (only when space is tight)

  • 2025-09-02 (YYYY-MM-DD)
  • Use this ISO-style format if you must use numbers.

Avoid

  • 02/09/25 or 09/02/25 (ambiguous in Canada)

Date ranges

  • September 2–5, 2025
  • September 2 to 5, 2025 (if you prefer words)

3) Times and time zones

12-hour clock (common in everyday writing)

  • 9:00 a.m.
  • 4:30 p.m.
  • 9:00–11:30 a.m.
  • Use lower-case a.m./p.m. with periods. Use a colon for minutes.

24-hour clock (very clear in schedules)

  • 09:00
  • 16:30
  • 09:00–11:30

Time zones

  • With a time: 4:30 p.m. PT / 7:30 p.m. ET
  • Spelled out when no exact time: Pacific Time, Eastern Time

Noon & midnight

  • Use noon and midnight (avoid 12:00 a.m./p.m.)

4) Canadian mailing addresses (domestic)

How to line it up

  1. Name
  2. Unit-number-hyphen-street-number + street name + street type
  3. Municipality + space + Province code + two spaces + POSTAL CODE
  4. (Canada — only for international mail coming to Canada)

Street and postal code

  • Use UPPERCASE for the street line (Canada Post prefers uppercase).
  • Postal code format: A1A 1A1 (letter-digit-letter space digit-letter-digit).
  • Use one space inside the postal code.
  • Put two spaces between the province code and the postal code.

Province / territory codes (2 letters) BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL, NT, NU, YT

Copy-ready examples

Apartment

Alex Chen 10-1234 MAIN ST VANCOUVER BC V6Z 2K1

House

Priya Singh 789 OAK AVE WINNIPEG MB R3C 1A5

PO Box

Jordan Lee PO BOX 456 STN A OTTAWA ON K1A 0B1

International (to Canada)

Maya López 55 KING ST W TORONTO ON M5H 2N2 CANADA

Tips

  • Don’t use hyphens in the postal code.
  • Put the unit number before the street number with a hyphen (10-1234 MAIN ST).
  • Keep municipality, province code, and postal code on one line.

5) Job titles and capitalization

Capitalize when the title comes before the name

  • Minister Renée Martin
  • Dr. Omar Khan
  • Professor Lily Tang

Lowercase when the title comes after the name or stands alone

  • Renée Martin, minister of finance
  • Omar Khan, family physician
  • The deputy minister will attend.
  • the Canadian prime minister (generic reference)

Honorifics (formal)

  • the Right Honourable [name]
  • the Honourable [name]

6) Phone numbers (Canadian format)

Use hyphens; no parentheses around the area code

  • 604-555-0134
  • 1-800-622-6232
  • Add extensions like this: 613-555-0100 ext. 203

7) Email signatures (professional)

What to include (keep it short)

  • Name
  • Job title, team or program
  • Organization
  • Phone (with hyphens) | Email
  • Street address (use Canadian address rules)
  • Optional: website, pronouns

Copy-ready signature (English)

Ava Patel Program Coordinator, Community Services City of Calgary

403-555-0199 | [email protected] 800 MACLEOD TR SE CALGARY AB T2G 2M3

Copy-ready signature (bilingual cue for public sector contexts)

Liam O’Neill | Senior Policy Analyst Analyste principal des politiques | Liam O’Neill Department / Ministère

613-555-0100 | [email protected] 200 KENT ST OTTAWA ON K1A 0A6 Canada / Canada


8) Small style choices that feel Canadian

Numbers

  • Use a 0 before a decimal: 0.8 L
  • Write thousands with a thin space or comma (follow your house style): 12 500 or 12,500

Abbreviations in text

  • Use plain words in sentences: September (not Sep.), approximately (not approx.)
  • Use common abbreviations in tables or tight space.

Headings

  • Use Title Case in centred headings:
    Canadian Winter Parking Rules

Quick checklists

Spelling

  • -our, -re, -ize/-ization, double l endings
  • licence (n.) / license (v.); practice (n.) / practise (v.)

Dates & times

  • Month day, year (September 2, 2025)
  • If numeric, use 2025-09-02
  • 9:00 a.m. / 16:30; PT/ET with caps

Addresses

  • UNIT-STREET (10-1234 MAIN ST)
  • CITY PROV␣␣A1A 1A1
  • Province code is 2 letters (BC, ON, QC…)

Titles

  • Capitalize before names; lowercase after names

Signature

  • Name, title, org, phone with hyphens, email, address
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