Courses/CELPIP Vocabulary Foundations/Numbers, Dates, Quantities & Trends

#9. Numbers, Dates, Quantities & Trends

Numbers carry meaning, tone, and legal detail. Use formats and phrases that are clear, polite, and hard to misunderstand—especially with dates, money, ranges, and trends.


Dates & Times (clarity first)

Safe date formats

  • June 5, 2025 (safest in emails and letters)
  • 2025-06-05 (ISO; good for forms/tables)
  • Avoid ambiguous 05/06/2025 (could be May 6 or June 5).

Time formats

  • 2:30 p.m. / 9:05 a.m. (write “noon” and “midnight” to avoid 12 p.m./a.m.)
  • 24-hour: 14:30, 09:05 (no a.m./p.m.). Great for schedules: 14:00–16:00.
  • Windows & deadlines: by Friday 5:00 p.m., between 2:00–4:00 p.m., no later than June 12.

Prepositions that keep you safe

  • on June 5, by June 5, from June 5 to June 12, as of June 5 (status starts then).

Money & Billing Phrasing

Write amounts

  • $1,250.75 (comma thousands, decimal point). For CAD context, $ is understood; use C$ only if currencies mix.

Useful billing language

  • balance due, amount owing, minimum payment, past due, due by, paid in full
  • before tax, including tax, plus GST/HST (if relevant), credit the account, issue a refund, waive a fee, apply a discount

Invoice/receipt nouns vs verbs

  • invoice (n.), bill (n.), receipt (n.), charge (n./v.)
  • refund / credit (n./v.), dispute a charge (v.), reverse a fee (v.)

Quantities, Units & “Per” Language

Metric-first (Canadian usage)

  • km, kg, L, m², °C (no plural “s” after symbols: 10 km, not 10 kms).
  • With words, hyphenate when used as adjectives: 10-day window, 3-year lease, 2-hour delay.

Rates and ratios

  • per day/week/month/person → $25 per month, two visits per week
  • Slashes are fine in notes/tables: km/h, $ / hr, units/day, but write full words in formal sentences.

Count vs mass (fewer vs less)

  • fewer tickets, less time; fewer complaints, less noise.

Ranges, Approximations & Quantifiers

Ranges

  • from X to Y, between X and Y (don’t write between 5–7; use words or an en dash cleanly: 5–7 days).
  • Add clarity words when needed: inclusive, up to, at least, no more than.

Approximations (degree matters)

  • about/around/approximately (neutral), nearly/almost (just under), just over/slightly more than (a little above), roughly (informal but fine in speech).

Quantifiers to anchor scope

  • some, many, most, the majority of, a minority of, several, a handful of (avoid in formal writing unless paired with numbers).

Trend Language (verbs, adverbs, and safe patterns)

Core verbs

  • increase/rise/grow, decrease/fall/decline/drop, remain stable, fluctuate, peak at, bottom out at, recover to

Intensity adverbs

  • slightly/marginally, gradually/steadily, significantly/substantially, sharply/dramatically

Preposition patterns

  • increase by X (change amount) → increased by 10%
  • increase to X (new level) → increased to 60%
  • from A to B (both ends) → rose from 40% to 60%
  • up/down by X points or units → down by 2 units

Percent vs percentage points (don’t mix)

  • From 20% to 30%up 10 percentage points (absolute change) → a 50% increase (relative change).
  • Use percentage points when comparing percentages.

Clean trend sentences

  • Complaints fell by 12% to 180 in June.
  • Usage rose from 45% to 58%, a 13-point increase.
  • Response times remained stable at 2–3 minutes.
  • Daily logins fluctuated between 1,100 and 1,400.

Fractions, Decimals & Percentages

Fractions

  • one-half, two-thirds, three-quarters; as modifiers: a two-thirds majority.

Decimals

  • Use a decimal point: 0.5, 3.75 (not commas). Read aloud as “zero point five,” “three point seven five.”

Percent formatting

  • Attach the sign: 5%, 0.8%, 100% (no extra word “percent” after % in the same phrase).
  • For readability with large bases, pair numbers: 5% of 12,000 users (≈ 600).

Error Patterns & Quick Fixes

  • Ambiguous dates: replace 05/06/2025June 5, 2025 or 2025-06-05.
  • 12 a.m./p.m.: write midnight/noon or 00:00/12:00 (24-hour).
  • Comma vs point: use 1,200.50 (comma thousands, point decimals).
  • Stacked markers: don’t write approximately around. Choose approximately or around.
  • Percent vs points: don’t say “increased 10% points.” Use 10 percentage points.
  • Unit spacing: number + symbol no space for % and °C (5%, 18°C); number + unit space for words (10 km, 3 L).
  • Agreement: “5 kilometres is a short walk” (distance as a single measure can take is), but “5 tickets are available.”

Polite, Clear Patterns You Can Reuse

  • Deadlines: Please submit the form by June 12, 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Time).
  • Windows: The technician can arrive between 14:00 and 16:00.
  • Prices: The monthly fee is $29, plus tax.
  • Caps & limits: You can send up to 10 attachments (25 MB total).
  • Trends: Attendance increased by 12% to 860 this quarter.
  • Ranges with certainty: We expect a response within 3–5 business days.
  • Comparisons: This plan costs $15 less per month than the basic plan.

Micro Style Guide (keep it consistent)

  • Prefer June 5, 2025 in prose; 2025-06-05 in tables.
  • Use 24-hour time for schedules and events; add time zone if relevant (PT/ET).
  • Keep thousand separators for 4+ digit numbers (1,200).
  • Hyphenate number-unit adjectives (10-day, 3-year).
  • State units once per list when obvious; repeat if a unit changes.

Numbers are easiest to grade when they’re exact, formatted consistently, and paired with the right verbs. Keep the logic clean—by/ to/ from-to—and your answers will read as confident and professional.

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